title: Vim
date: 2020-11-25 18:28:43
background: bg-[#46933f]
tags:
- vi
- text
- editor
- terminal
- shortcut
categories:
- Toolkit
intro: |
A useful collection of Vim 8.2 quick reference cheat sheets to help you learn vim editor faster.
Getting Started
Motion Diagrams {.row-span-2}
▼/▶ Cursor ▽/▷ Target
Left-right motions
┌───────────── |
├───────────── 0 $ ──────────────┐
│ ┌────────── ^ fe ────────┐ │
│ │ ┌─────── Fo te ───────┐│ │
│ │ │┌────── To 30| ───┐ ││ │
│ │ ││ ┌──── ge w ───┐ │ ││ │
│ │ ││ │ ┌── b e ─┐ │ │ ││ │
│ │ ││ │ │ ┌h l┐ │ │ │ ││ │
▽ ▽ ▽▽ ▽ ▽ ▽▼ ▼▽ ▽ ▽ ▽ ▽▽ ▽
echo "A cheatsheet from quickref.me"
Up-down motions
- SCREEN 1 START
┌─┬─────────▷ #!/usr/bin/python
│ │ ┌───▷
│ │ │ print("Hello")
│ │ { } ▶ print("Vim")
│ │ │ print("!")
│ │ └─▷
│ │ ┌───┬───▷ print("Welcome")
G gg H M L k j ▶ print("to")
│ │ └─▷ print("quickref.me")
│ │ print("/vim")
│ │
│ └─────▷
│ - SCREEN 1 END
└──────────────▷ print("SCREEN 2")
Motions {.row-span-2}
Shortcut |
Description |
h | j | k | l |
Arrow keys |
<C-u> / <C-d> |
Half-page up/down |
<C-b> / <C-f> |
Page up/down |
{.shortcuts}
Words{.left-text}
Shortcut |
Description |
b / w |
Previous/Next word |
ge / e |
Previous/Next end of word |
{.shortcuts}
Line
Shortcut |
Description |
0 (zero) / $ |
Start/End of line |
^ |
Start of line (non-blank) |
{.shortcuts}
Character
Shortcut |
Description |
Fe / fe |
Move to previous/next e |
To / to |
Move before/after previous/next o |
| / `n |
| Go to first/ n`th column |
{.shortcuts}
Document
Shortcut |
Description |
gg / G |
First/Last line |
:n | nG |
Go to line n |
} / { |
Next/Previous empty line |
{.shortcuts}
Window
Shortcut |
Description |
H / M / L |
Top/Middle/Bottom screen |
zt / zz / zb |
Top/Center/Bottom this line |
{.shortcuts}
Insert Mode
Shortcut |
Description |
i / a |
Insert before/after cursor |
I / A |
Insert start/end of line |
o / O (letter) |
Insert new line below/above |
s / S |
Delete char/line and insert |
C / cc |
Change to end of/current line |
gi |
Insert at last insert point |
Esc | <C-[> |
Exit insert mode |
{.shortcuts}
Saving and Exiting
Shortcut |
Description |
:w |
Save |
:q |
Close file |
:wq | :x | ZZ |
Save and quit |
:wqa |
Save and quit all files |
:q! | ZQ |
Force quit |
:qa |
Close all files |
:qa! |
Force quit all files |
:w new.txt |
Write to new.txt |
:sav new.txt |
Save and edit new.txt |
:w !sudo tee % |
Write to readonly file |
{.shortcuts}
Normal Mode
Shortcut |
Description |
r |
Replace one character |
R |
Enter Replace mode |
u / 3u |
Undo changes 1 / 3 times |
U |
Undo changes on one line |
J |
Join with next line |
<C-r> / 5 <C-r> |
Redo changes 1 / 5 times |
{.shortcuts}
Cut and paste {.row-span-2}
Shortcut |
Description |
x |
Delete character (Cut) |
p / P |
Paste after/before |
xp |
Swap two characters |
D |
Delete to end of line (Cut) |
dw |
Delete word (Cut) |
dd |
Delete line (Cut) |
ddp |
Swap two lines |
yy |
Yank line (Copy) |
"*p | "+p |
Paste from system clipboard |
"*y | "+y |
Paste to system clipboard |
{.shortcuts}
In visual mode
Shortcut |
Description |
d | x |
Delete selection (Cut) |
s |
Replace selection |
y |
Yank selection (Copy) |
{.shortcuts}
Repeating
Shortcut |
Description |
. |
Repeat last command |
; |
Repeat latest f , t , F or T |
, |
Repeat latest f , t , F or T reversed |
& |
Repeat last :s |
@: |
Repeat a command-line command |
{.shortcuts}
Visual mode
Shortcut |
Description |
v |
Enter visual mode |
V |
Enter visual line mode |
<C-v> |
Enter visual block mode |
ggVG |
Select all text |
> / < |
Shift text right/left |
{.shortcuts}
Macros
------- |
----------------------- |
qi |
Record macro i |
q |
Stop recording macro |
@i |
Run macro i |
7@i |
Run macro i 7 times |
@@ |
Repeat last macro |
{.shortcuts}
You can save macro for any letters not just i
Vim Operators
Usage {.secondary}
Shortcut |
Description |
d |
w |
Operator |
Motion |
Combine operators with motions to use them
Available Operators {.row-span-2}
Shortcut |
Description |
d |
Delete |
y |
Yank (copy) |
c |
Change (delete then insert) |
p |
Paste |
= |
Formats code |
g~ |
Toggle case |
gU |
Uppercase |
gu |
Lowercase |
> |
Indent right |
< |
Indent left |
! |
Filter through external program |
Examples {.row-span-2}
Combination |
Description |
d d |
Delete current line |
d j |
Delete two lines |
d w |
Delete to next word |
d b |
Delete to beginning of word |
d fa |
Delete until a char |
d /hello |
Delete until hello |
c c |
Change current line, synonym with S |
y y |
Copy current line |
> j |
Indent 2 lines |
ggd G |
Delete a complete document |
gg= G |
Indent a complete document |
ggy G |
Copy a whole document |
{.show-header}
Counts
[count] <operator> <motion>
<operator> [count] <motion>
Combination |
Description |
2d d |
Delete 2 lines |
6y y |
Copy 6 lines |
d 3w |
Delete 3 words |
d 5j |
Delete 5 lines downwards |
> 4k |
Indent 4 lines upwards |
Vim Text objects
Usage {.secondary}
Shortcut |
Description |
- |
v |
i / a |
p |
Operator |
inner / around |
Text object |
Operate with an operator inner or around text blocks
Text objects {.row-span-2}
Shortcut |
Description |
p |
Paragraph |
w |
Word |
W |
WORD (surrounded by whitespace) |
s |
Sentence |
[ ( { < |
A [], (), or {} block |
] ) } > |
A [], (), or {} block |
' " ` |
A quoted string |
b |
A block [( |
B |
A block in [{ |
t |
A HTML tag block |
See :help text-objects
Delete
Shortcut |
Description |
d iw |
Delete inner word |
d is |
Delete inner sentence |
d i" |
Delete in quotes |
d a" |
Delete in quotes (including quotes) |
d ip |
Delete a paragraph |
Selections
Shortcut |
Description |
v i" |
Select inner quotes "... {.underline}" |
v a" |
Select quotes "..." {.underline} |
v i[ |
Select inner brackets [... {.underline}] |
v a[ |
Select brackets [...] {.underline} |
v iw |
Select inner word |
v ip |
Select inner paragraph |
v ipip |
Select more paragraph |
Misc
Shortcut |
Description |
c iw |
Change inner word |
c i" |
Change inner quotes |
c it |
Change inner tags (HTML) |
c ip |
Change inner paragraph |
y ip |
Yank inner paragraph |
y ap |
Yank paragraph (including newline) |
Vim Multiple files
Buffers
------------ |
---------------------------------- |
:e file |
Edit a file in a new buffer |
:bn |
Go to the next buffer |
:bp |
Go to the previous buffer |
:bd |
Remove file from buffer list |
:b 5 |
Open buffer #5 |
:b file |
Go to a buffer by file |
:ls |
List all open buffers |
:sp file |
Open and split window |
:vs file |
Open and vertically split window |
:hid |
Hide this buffer |
:wn |
Write file and move to next |
:tab ba |
Edit all buffers as tabs |
Windows
---------------------- |
----------------------------- |
<C-w> s |
Split window |
<C-w> v |
Split window vertically |
<C-w> w |
Switch windows |
<C-w> q |
Quit a window |
<C-w> T |
Break out into a new tab |
<C-w> x |
Swap current with next |
<C-w> - / + |
Decrease/Increase height |
<C-w> < / > |
Decrease/Increase width |
<C-w> ` |
` |
<C-w> = |
Equally high and wide |
<C-w> h / l |
Go to the left/right window |
<C-w> j / k |
Go to the up/down window |
{.shortcuts}
Tabs
Shortcut |
Description |
:tabe [file] |
Edit file in a new tab |
:tabf [file] |
Open if exists in new tab |
:tabc |
Close current tab |
:tabo |
Close other tabs |
:tabs |
List all tabs |
:tabr |
Go to first tab |
:tabl |
Go to last tab |
:tabm 0 |
Move to position 0 |
:tabn |
Go to next tab |
:tabp |
Go to previous tab |
Normal mode
Shortcut |
Description |
gt |
Go to next tab |
gT |
Go to previous tab |
2gt |
Go to tab number 2 |
{.shortcuts}
Vim Search and Replace
Search
---------- |
------------------------------------- |
/foo |
Search forward |
/foo\c |
Search forward (case insensitive) |
?foo |
Search backward |
/\v\d+ |
Search with regex |
n |
Next matching search pattern |
N |
Previous match |
* |
Search for current word forward |
# |
Search for current word backward |
{.shortcuts}
Replace LINE
:[range]s/{pattern}/{str}/[flags]
|
|
:s/old/new |
Replace first |
:s/old/new/g |
Replace all |
:s/\vold/new/g |
Replace all with regex |
:s/old/new/gc |
replace all (Confirm) |
:s/old/new/i |
Ignore case replace first |
:2,6s/old/new/g |
Replace between lines 2 -6 |
Replace FILE
:%s/{pattern}/{str}/[flags]
|
|
:%s/old/new |
Replace first |
:%s/old/new/g |
Replace all |
:%s/old/new/gc |
Replace all (Confirm) |
:%s/old/new/gi |
Replace all (ignore case) |
:%s/\vold/new/g |
Replace all with regex |
Ranges {.row-span-2}
--------- |
------------------- |
% |
Entire file |
’<,’> |
Current selection |
5 |
Line 5 |
5,10 |
Lines 5 to 10 |
$ |
Last line |
2,$ |
Lines 2 to Last |
. |
Current line |
,3 |
Next 3 lines |
-3, |
Forward 3 lines |
Global command {.row-span-2}
:[range]g/{pattern}/[command]
|
|
:g/foo/d |
Delete lines containing foo |
:g!/foo/d |
Delete lines not containing foo |
:g/^\s*$/d |
Delete all blank lines |
:g/foo/t$ |
Copy lines containing foo to EOF |
:g/foo/m$ |
Move lines containing foo to EOF |
:g/^/m0 |
Reverse a file |
:g/^/t. |
Duplicate every line |
Inverse :g
:[range]v/{pattern}/[command]
|
|
:v/foo/d |
Delete lines not containing foo (also :g!/foo/d ) |
Flags
----- |
--------------------------- |
g |
Replace all occurrences |
i |
Ignore case |
I |
Don't ignore case |
c |
Confirm each substitution |
Substitute expression (magic)
--------------- |
---------------------------------- |
& | \0 |
Replace with the whole matched |
\1 ...\9 |
Replace with the group 0-9 |
\u |
Uppercase next letter |
\U |
Uppercase following characters |
\l |
Lowercase next letter |
\L |
Lowercase following characters |
\e |
End of \u , \U , \l and \L |
\E |
End of \u , \U , \l and \L |
Examples {.col-span-2}
```c {.wrap}
:s/a|b/xxx\0xxx/g # Modifies "a b" to "xxxaxxx xxxbxxx"
:s/test/\U& file/ # Modifies "test" to "TEST FILE"
:s/(test)/\U\1\e file/ # Modifies "test" to "TEST file"
:s/\v([abc])([efg])/\2\1/g # Modifies "af fa bg" to "fa fa gb"
:s/\v\w+/\u\0/g # Modifies "bla bla" to "Bla Bla"
:s/\v([ab])|([cd])/\1x/g # Modifies "a b c d" to "ax bx x x"
:%s/./\L&/ # Modifies "HTML" to "html"
:s/\v<(.)(\w)/\u\1\L\2/g # Make every first letter of a word uppercase
:%s/^(.)\n\1/\1/ # Remove duplicate lines
:%s/<\/\=(\w+)>/\U&/g # Convert HTML-Tags to uppercase
:g/^pattern/s/$/mytext # Find and append text to the end
:g/pattern/norm! @i # Run a macro on matching lines
/^(.)(\r\?\n\1)+\( # View the duplicates lines
/\v^(.*)(\r?\n\1)+\) # View the duplicates lines (very magic)
:v/./,/./-j # Compress blank lines into a blank line
:g//,//d # Delete inclusively from to
Vimdiff
-------
### Usage {.secondary}
```shell script
$ vimdiff file1 file2 [file3]
$ vim -d file1 file2 [file3]
Editing {.row-span-2}
:[range]diffget [bufspec]
:[range]diffput [bufspec]
Shortcut |
Description |
do / :diffget |
Obtain (get) difference |
dp / :diffput |
Put difference |
:dif |
Re-scan differences |
:diffo |
Switch off diff mode |
:1,$+1diffget |
Get all differences |
ZQ |
Quit without changes |
{.shortcuts}
See: Ranges
Folds {.row-span-2}
Shortcut |
Description |
zo / zO |
Open |
zc / zC |
Close |
za / zA |
Toggle |
zv |
Open folds for this line |
zM |
Close all |
zR |
Open all |
zm |
Fold more (foldlevel += 1) |
zr |
Fold less (foldlevel -= 1) |
zx |
Update folds |
{.shortcuts}
Jumping
Shortcut |
Description |
]c |
Next difference |
[c |
Previous difference |
{.shortcuts}
Miscellaneous
Case {.row-span-2}
Shortcut |
Description |
vU |
Uppercase character |
vu |
Lowercase character |
~ |
Toggle case character |
viw U |
Uppercase word |
viw u |
Lowercase word |
viw ~ |
Toggle case word |
VU / gUU |
Uppercase line |
Vu / guu |
Lowercase line |
V~ / g~~ |
Toggle case line |
gggUG |
Uppercase all text |
ggguG |
Lowercase all text |
ggg~G |
Toggle case all text |
{.shortcuts}
Jumping
Shortcut |
Description |
<C-o> |
Go back to previous |
<C-i> |
Go forward |
gf |
Go to file in cursor |
ga |
Display hex, ascii value |
{.shortcuts}
Misc command-lines {.row-span-2}
---------------- |
-------------------------------------------- |
:h |
Help open help view |
:edit! |
Reload current file |
:2,8m0 |
Move lines 2 -8 to 0 |
:noh |
Clear search highlights |
:sort |
Sort lines |
:ter |
Open a terminal window |
:set paste |
Enable Insert Paste sub-mode |
:set nopaste |
disable Insert Paste sub-mode |
:cq |
Exiting with an error (aborting Git) |
Navigating
Shortcut |
Description |
% |
Nearest/matching {[()]} |
[( | [{ |
Previous ( or { |
]) | ]{ |
Next ) or } |
[m |
Previous method start |
[M |
Previous method end |
{.shortcuts}
Counters
Shortcut |
Description |
<C-a> |
Increase number |
<C-x> |
Decrease number |
{.shortcuts}
Tags {.row-span-2 .col-span-2}
Shortcut |
Description |
:tag Classname |
Jump to first definition of Classname |
<C-]> |
Jump to definition |
g] |
See all definitions |
<C-t> |
Go back to last tag |
<C-o> <C-i> |
Back/forward |
:tselect Classname |
Find definitions of Classname |
:tjump Classname |
Find definitions of Classname (auto-select 1st) |
{.shortcuts}
Formatting
--------- |
---------------------------------- |
:ce 8 |
Center lines between 8 columns |
:ri 4 |
Right-align lines at 4 columns |
:le |
Left-align lines |
See :help formatting
Marks {.col-span-2 .row-span-4}
Shortcut |
Description |
`^ |
Last position of cursor in insert mode |
`. |
Last change in current buffer |
`" |
Last exited current buffer |
`0 |
In last file edited |
'' |
Back to line in current buffer where jumped from |
`` |
Back to position in current buffer where jumped from |
`[ |
To beginning of previously changed or yanked text |
`] |
To end of previously changed or yanked text |
`< |
To beginning of last visual selection |
`> |
To end of last visual selection |
| ma
| Mark this cursor position as a
|
| `a
| Jump to the cursor position a
|
| 'a
| Jump to the beginning of the line with position a
|
| d'a
| Delete from current line to line of mark a
|
| d`a
| Delete from current position to position of mark a
|
| c'a
| Change text from current line to line of a
|
| y`a
| Yank text from current position to position of a
|
| :marks
| List all current marks |
| :delm a
| Delete mark a
|
| :delm a-d
| Delete marks a
, b
, c
, d
|
| :delm abc
| Delete marks a
, b
, c
|
{.shortcuts}
Calculator
Shortcut |
Description |
<C-r> = 7*7 |
Shows the result |
<C-r> = 10/2 |
Shows the result |
{.shortcuts}
Do this in INSERT mode
Shell
-------------- |
-------------------------------- |
:!<shell> |
Interpret Shell Command |
:r!<shell> |
Read in output of shell |
:r!date |
Insert date |
:!!date |
Replace current line with date |
Command line
Shortcut |
Description |
<C-r><C-w> |
Insert current word into the command line |
<C-r>" |
Paste from " register |
<C-x><C-f> |
Auto-completion of path in insert mode |
{.shortcuts}
Tricks
Remove duplicate lines
```shell script
:sort | %!uniq -u
To number the lines in the file
```shell script
:%!cat -n
Copy whole doc to clipboard
script
:%w !pbcopy # Mac OS X
:%w !xclip -i -sel c # GNU/Linux
:%w !xsel -i -b # GNU/Linux
Also see